Journal of Childhood & Developmental Disorders

Description

The goal of early, appropriate, and intensive intervention (EI) for children with disabilities is to improve their development. It includes multidisciplinary services for children under the age of three with special needs and older children up to the age of 18 for a broader scope. Children with disabilities in one or more of the following areas are the target populations: social and emotional, cognitive, adaptive, communicative, or physical development. Services provided by a group of professionals include: screening and evaluation, family counseling, home visits, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, psychological services, audiology, vision services, social work services, educational programs, and other similar activities. The majority of these professionals are early intervention educators. In early intervention facilities, they care for children in classrooms and act as primary caregivers for these children while they are there.

Early intervention educators and childcare workers both have similar job requirements. In addition to providing activities that encourage the physical, emotional, intellectual, and social development of the children, they are in charge of meeting the fundamental needs of the children. The physical demands include, but are not limited to, frequent lifting and carrying of children, transferring children from one location to another, sitting on the floor, reaching for various heights, kneeling, squatting, bending, prolonged standing, pushing and pulling, and other similar activities. Additionally, a work sampling study found that childcare workers spend an additional 26% of their time sitting on child-size furniture when assisting children with activities. This is because the environment and furniture in childcare institutions are primarily intended for young children and are therefore unsuitable for adults' body mechanics. The trunk was flexed and bent for an additional 18% of their workday. For those who worked with young children, the frequencies were even higher.

Additionally, early intervention educators serve children with special needs, in contrast to childcare providers. Because of their delayed development, these children require significantly more assistance with their daily routine. Before age 3, they are more likely than their typical peers to be obese, and this risk gradually rises between the ages of 3 and 5.Second, a lot of them has abnormally large muscles. When carrying, changing diapers, feeding, positioning, and stretching children with abnormal muscle tone, more physical effort is required. In addition, some of them require significantly more assistance in self-mobility and require assistance donning and removing assistive devices like an ankle-foot orthosis or lower extremity brace. Early intervention educators are more likely to develop musculoskeletal disorders related to their jobs because of these factors.

Localised Pain Syndromes

Chiropractors and osteopaths have a long history of treating conditions that don't involve the musculoskeletal system. Two fundamental ideas form the foundation of this tradition. The first idea suggests that spinal misalignments, or subluxations, can hinder the body's inherent capacity for self-healing and that SMT can treat these misalignments. The second idea is that a dysfunctional spine can have a negative effect on the autonomic nervous system, which in turn can lead to disease and organ dysfunction. By correcting spinal dysfunctions through SMT, some argue that they may influence the autonomic nervous system and, as a result, improve physiologic function. A lot of chiropractors don't agree with this idea and take a clinical care approach based on evidence.

According to laboratory studies of physiological mechanisms, certain kinds of manual therapies can, in healthy people, affect body functions like heart rate variability or inflammatory cytokines. This supports the idea that SMT can be used to treat conditions that aren't related to the musculoskeletal system. However, two systematic reviews suggest that, if such effects do occur, they are brief and do not have any clinical implications. In addition, there was no such effect in a recent randomized controlled trial that compared SMT to a successful sham control. Laboratory experiments alone have not provided a mechanistic understanding of these hypotheses or evidence of clinical efficacy or effectiveness, despite being essential to understanding the physiological mechanisms of action of interventions. As a result, the hypothesized causal chain between SMT, the autonomic nervous system, and clinical outcomes is still speculative and has not yet been established, as was previously mentioned.

Effects on Musculoskeletal Body Structure

When confronted with symptom complexes such as abdominal pain and headache, the pathology may range from benign with a favorable prognosis to serious and ultimately fatal. Due to the fact that this presentation may include pathology ranging from local or disseminated malignancy, chronic arthritis, or another connective tissue disease that may progress into a chronic disease, to a benign disorder with an excellent prognosis, there is a similarity with musculoskeletal symptoms. Some children may develop a chronic pain syndrome that has no obvious cause and can cause significant short- and long-term morbidity, despite the fact that a potentially manageable organic pathology can improve quality of life. Therefore, it may be difficult, time-consuming, and frustrating to evaluate children with musculoskeletal symptoms and their families. In the same way that it is essential to identify children whose symptoms have an organic basis so that they can receive the appropriate treatment and management, it is equally essential to identify children whose symptoms do not have an organic basis so that steps can be taken to facilitate their rehabilitation and prevent them from being the subject of unnecessary and potentially harmful investigations and multiple referrals to diverse centers.

There are many different ways to diagnose musculoskeletal symptoms. The variety of possible pathologies and the usefulness as an aide memoire. Additionally, it must be acknowledged that some children's musculoskeletal symptoms are truly hysterical and that chronic fatigue syndrome may need to be considered.